HJ Talks About Abuse

Conviction of NHS Morgue Rapist David Fuller

We discuss the morgue rapist, David Fuller, and how the NHS will most likely have to foot the cost of his sickening actions. 

We all have that one thing in common: one day we are going to die, and when we do, if we can bring ourselves to think about it, would like to think our remains shall be treated with dignity and respect.

The conviction of hospital electrician David Fuller, who admitted to performing sexual acts on corpses in morgues, raises questions about the safekeeping of bodies and human remains. It would be assumed, understandably, that this would be a key concern for the NHS yet Fuller, who had a criminal record (burglary), nevertheless, enjoyed unrestricted access to the hospitals where he worked. His seemingly unchecked ability to denigrate the deceased demonstrates a collective lack of respect by the NHS and, especially so, given it has previously been told to improve safeguarding.

The Lampard report published in 2015 in the wake of the Jimmy Savile scandal recommended that:

All NHS hospital trusts should undertake DBS checks (including, where applicable, enhanced DBS and barring list checks) on their staff and volunteers every three years. The implementation of this recommendation should be supported by NHS Employers.

The Health Secretary Sajid Javid has said the NHS had written to all trusts asking for mortuary access and post-mortem activities to be reviewed in the wake of Fuller, but the question to be asked is why was he allowed access to hospital facilities given his criminal record?

 A DBS check no doubt revealed, or would have revealed Fullers’ offending history, and it should have followed that he was not to be employed on NHS hospital premises, or if he was in restricted and managed circumstances.

Tragically Fuller was allowed to offend under the radar, and the families of the deceased now live with the knowledge of the sexual abuse. The NHS may have to pay a price too because of the failure to detect and stop him when it clearly had opportunities to do so.

The families affected, arguably, have a case to bring against the NHS Trusts concerned under Articles 3 and 8 of the ECHR: the prohibition of degrading treatment; and the right to family life. Following the decision in: Akpınar and Altun v Turkey close family members who can demonstrate that they have suffered some form of psychiatric injury attributable to the discovery that their loved one was sexually abused, arguably, have a case and this would be on the basis that either or both articles had been breached.  

The breach of both articles arises from the fact that the NHS Trusts would be liable for the actions of its employee, who had afforded to him the opportunity to violate the deceased, either by failing to undertake a DBS check, or having done so paid no regard to the risk that his past revealed. To sexually abuse a dead person is degrading, and in turn arguably equally so for close family members whose right to grieve has been compounded by the discovery of Fuller’ depravity.

The Tragic Death of Arthur Labinjo-Hughes And Domestic Violence

Domestic abuse and sexual offences should be considered as seriously as knife crime and homicide, the government announced recently as it says that it continues driving forward its plan to end violence against women and girls.

Observers, if not critics, may well say that it has a very long way to go.

The news does not sit easily with the death of Arthur Labinjo-Hughes.

His stepmother and father of the tortured, poisoned him, and were jailed for murder and manslaughter respectively.

The government has confirmed a review  into Arthur's death.

The National Child Safeguarding Practice Review Panel will lead the investigation and will provide additional support to Solihull Children's Safeguarding Partnership to "upgrade" the existing local review launched shortly after Arthur's death in June 2020.

It emerged during the trial that Arthur had been seen by social workers just two months before he died, but they concluded there were "no safeguarding concerns".

All too  often in child homicide cases we see the problematic family being given the “all clear” only for a  child to be killed.

The government says that changes to legislation currently being considered in Parliament will make clear that a new legal duty requiring public bodies to work together to tackle serious violence can also include domestic abuse and sexual offences.

What is needed is true accountability. When we examine cases “after the event” we often struggle to find where the buck actually stops. There is often collective “group think” and it is hard to discern who made a decision which impacted on the child’s life. This has to change so that working together means accountability.

“Working together” is supposed to happen now. It sounds positive and common sensical but what does it mean to a child in an abusive home? He/she needs protecting and that may well mean moving them out of the family. Moreover, it means staying with them until they can stand on their own two feet. Too often social workers come into the family then go, and that’s when things go badly wrong.

Treating and regarding domestic violence as a serious crime is welcome, but what matters is ensuring that the crimes of abuse do not happen in the first place.

Skin on Skin Contact Not Required In Sexual Abuse: Top Indian Court Rules

This week we discuss the decision recently overturned by the Supreme Court of India regarding the need for skin on skin contact for sexual abuse to be established.

Child sexual abuse is a major problem in India with thousands of cases reported each year. Some research suggests that sexual abuse was as high as 53% of children surveyed.

The background of the case in question was that a 12 year old girl was groped over clothing by a 39 year old man who touched her breasts and tried to remove her trouser bottoms.

The Mumbai High Court Judge ruled as there was no skin on skin contact when touching the child’s breasts, the case would fail for sexual assault and would only result in a lesser charge of molestation.

This understandably outraged many people who called for a review of the decision. It was rightly argued  at appeal that skin on skin contact should not be necessary for sexual assault to be established.

The decision would have set a dangerous precedent and perhaps discouraged others from reporting sexual abuse.

The Supreme Court bench said that the sexual intent must be considered not whether there was skin to skin contact and the previous decision had “insensitively legitimised sexual behaviour”.

We encourage anyone who has concerns about sexual abuse to get in touch. You can contact Alan Collins at Alan.collins@hughjames.com or Danielle Vincent at  Danielle.vincent@hughjames.com.

 

Sex Abusers Reoffending: What Are The Risks?

This week on the podcast we discuss sex abusers reoffending and whether changes should be made to increase safety for the population.

This follows the news article that double killer and sex offender Colin Pitchfork, 61, has been recalled to prison after only two months after his release. Pitchfork made headline when he was sentenced to 30 years in prison in 1987 following the rape and strangling of two girls in Leicestershire.

Following his release in September 2021, routine checks by probation handlers flagged concerning behaviour and he also failed a polygraph lie detector test.

It is stated Pitchford was subject to strict monitoring and licence conditions such as tagging, exclusion zone and a ban on contact with children on his release.

Pitchfork had been reportedly approaching young girls when out and was recalled to prison. However, he could once again be released in as little as 28 days.

This raises important questions, regarding the success of prison reform, the release board consideration process, and safety to the population on release of unknown sex offenders.

Many high profile sex offenders are provided with new identities when they return to the outside world.

Statistics for the US found 5% of sex offenders reoffended within three years and 24% after 15 years.

A UK study in 2019 found proven reoffending rates were 24.8% for any reconviction and 12.6% for sexual reconvictions after a 13-year average follow-up. Rates increased greatly for offences relating to indecent images of children online.

A further study by Centre of Expertise on child sexual abuse found

• Of sexual reoffending It is widely believed that adults convicted of CSA have an enduring high risk of sexual reoffending, but reoffending studies – although not CSA-specific – show that most individuals convicted of sexual offences are not reconvicted of further sexual offences. In England and Wales, for example, 7.5% of those released from prison between 2002 and 2012 had been convicted of another sexual offence by October 2015 (Mews et al, 2017). It should be noted, however, that most CSA does not come to the attention of the authorities. In that study, the reconviction rate for offences of any sort over the same period was considerably higher at 38% (Mews et al, 2017).
• However, there is some evidence that, in comparison with those convicted of sexual offences against adults, individuals convicted of CSA offences are more likely subsequently to commit only sexual offences rather than other offences (e.g. Harris et al, 2009; Harris et al, 2011).
• Long-term international studies suggest that most adult males convicted of sexual offences no longer have a significant risk of sexual reoffending after 10 years (having a similar risk to those with histories of other crimes), and only a small proportion remain at risk after 15 years (Hanson, 2018). This applies for all risk levels; even in the highest risk group, four-fifths of individuals in a 20-year study were never reconvicted for another sexual offence (Hanson et al, 2014).
• Research evidence also indicates that women convicted of sexual offences reoffend at significantly lower rates than men (Cortoni et al, 2010), with an average sexual reoffending rate of around 3%, which may partly reflect that women are unlikely to be identified and reported. This suggests that distinct policies and procedures are needed to assess and manage the risks from women and from men.

The full report can be found here: Key messages from research on institutional child sexual abuse from research on institutional Key messages (csacentre.org.uk)

As discussed on many of our previous podcasts, sexual abuse is significantly unreported and therefore these statistics are likely to be higher.

In addition, monitoring of those on probation is dependent on the probation services monitoring individuals efficiently. There is no requirement to disclose to neighbours the offender’s previous offences.

In 2018 the BBC aired Second Chance Sex Offenders presented by Stacey Dooley which looked at the position in Florida, where convicted sex offenders were required to disclose a large sign outside their home to confirm they have been convicted. Other states required sex abusers to live in sperate communities.

In the UK the balance must be correct, with the risk of reoffending to protect the population and ensure safety, but if the sentence is spent that individual’s human rights to re-enter society, this is always going to be a difficult position.

We encourage anyone who has concerns about sexual abuse to get in touch. You can contact Alan Collins at Alan.collins@hughjames.com or Danielle Vincent at  Danielle.vincent@hughjames.com.

Safety On Dating Apps

With social media used by most of us daily, how do we know who we are interacting with?

Shows like Channel 4’s The Circle have shown how you can portray yourself to be someone completely differently. Terms like ‘catfishing’ have become common terms.

But there is a very serious side to the ability to portray yourself to be someone else online.

Dating sites are another form of interaction online. The problem again with this is you are exchanging personal information with a stranger online, you are becoming trusting of such stranger.

There have been many exchanges of stories of turning up to dates with people who aren’t who they say they are. Netflix has just released the film Love Hard when the female turns up to her expected dates house to establish her date is not who he said he was.

The sinister side of this is the lured sense of security is the safety position. With increased reports of date rape drugging incidents, this leaves people open to sexual assault.

A report was commissioned by ProPublica in regards to safety on dating sites. See the full report here. Tinder Lets Known Sex Offenders Use the App. It’s Not the Only One. — ProPublica

In 2018, there was a report by one individual who provided information to the investigation that  she reported to Bumble that a man she met through its popular online dating platform had sexually assaulted her. The company didn’t respond, she says. Two months later, after seeing his profile photo on the app again, she recalls the same report-no-response scenario playing out.

The investigation revealed the industry giant Match Group fails to screen for registered sex offenders on its free products — OkCupid, PlentyofFish and Tinder — despite doing so on its paid platforms. Our reporting has shown that some dating app users either received inadequate responses to their rape complaints or none at all.

The report found users reported their attack to the company but saw the user on the app again. Many more told us it never occurred to them to report an offline sexual assault to an online dating company. Or they didn’t realise a dating website could play a role in preventing such incidents.

Many of the apps do not complete criminal checks or whether someone is on the sex offenders register.

Further complications arise with identifying if an account is real. The question, like with all social media accounts such as facebook and Instagram is whether dating apps should be verified with the user having to include ID. At this time any one can set up a profile, with any information they want.

Cosmopolitan released a number of safety suggestions for online dating meet ups How to stay safe online dating | 15 women protect themselves when meeting someone from a dating app or site (cosmopolitan.com)

Assault by Injection and Drink Spiking

Over the last two months there have been multiple reports of assaults in nightclubs with needles. This is alongside increased reports of drink spiking.

In Nottingham, one woman woke up in bed the next day with no memory, another woman woke up in hospital both displaying needle stick injuries. Further reports of paralysis and the concern of wating weeks for test results to confirm they have not been infected with HIV or other potential illnesses/diseases.

As of 23 October 2021, the NPCC had also collected 198 reports of drink spiking, in addition to the 56 reports of incidents involving a needle. 

Report by fullfact.org have provided the following alleged assaults:

• Nottinghamshire Police have since said they are investigating 15 separate incidents, reported within less than a month, of young women and men being jabbed with “something sharp”. 
• Two men, aged 18 and 19, have been arrested by Nottinghamshire Policeon suspicion of conspiring to administer poison, but not in connection with any specific reports of spiking either via injection or drinks. They have since been released under investigation. 
• Sussex Police is investigating seven reports of womenbeing spiked via injection in Brighton and Eastbourne. Hampshire Constabulary has said it is investigating one report of a woman being spiked by injection at a nightclub in Portsmouth. 
• Lancashire Constabulary has confirmed it is investigatingafter a woman reported being injected with an unknown substance in Preston. Norfolk Constabulary has said it has received six reports of people either being spiked or injected. 
• Wales Online reports that four women in Swanseaclaimed to have been spiked by injection, though these have not been confirmed. South Wales Police has said it had received “a small number of reports from people” who believed they had been spiked via injection, and was investigating. 
• The Scottish Sunalso reported four stories of suspected spiking with a needle across Scotland, with cases in Edinburgh, Glasgow, Dundee and Aberdeen. 

Freedom of Information requests collected by Sky News and published in 2018 found that reported incidents of spiking had doubled in three years. The BBC reported in 2019 that there had been a rise in the number of cases, with 2,600 reported incidents in England and Wales since 2015.

The information can be found here : What do we know so far about reports of ‘spiking’ with needles? - Full Fact

There are calls for security to be bolstered at nightclubs with extra bag and pocket searches.

There have been nationwide conversations about the crime and inspired a boycott of nightclubs and bars dubbed ‘Girls Night In’ where nightclubs were boycotted on 11 October. But there was also criticism that women staying home was not the answer to this big problem.

With universities now back and bars full again, universities are running campaigns to raise awareness.

TikTok has been flooded with videos showing just how easy it is to spike a drink with a small distraction to the drink holder, again to raise awareness.

The question is whether spiking has increased dramatically recently, or whether this is now only once again hitting the headlines raising awareness.

Different companies have now come up with further safety measures for drink covers, such as a hair scrunchie that can be placed over the drink like a cap so you may put a straw through.

The difficulty with such spiking, is that if the impact is delayed to the victim or this is not caught on CCTV, catching the perpetrator may prove very difficult to police.

Of statistics obtained so far, it would seem this is impacting both male and female victims equally, despite the coverage forming this is a larger risk to females.

Oxford Brookes University Scandal - Considering ‘consent‘

Alan Collins and Feleena Grosvenor discuss a recent case regarding alleged gang rape that took place at Oxford Brookes University in February 2018.

This case concerns one woman, a British student and the victim, and four international students, the alleged perpetrators.

It is understood that one of the accused was admitted to the university while under investigation in the United States over two allegations of rape by a female student.

The victim, who was aged 19 at the time, alleges that the topic of “group sex” had come up in a hypothetical and humorous context and she had “laughed it off”. But, on another occasion, the men allegedly turned serious and told her that she “owed them group sex”. The woman felt pressured to participate and claims that she initially took part in some non-penetrative sexual activity. She states that she was clear that she did not want to continue but was overpowered and repeatedly raped.

The case was investigated by Thames Valley Police but they concluded that there was ambiguity over the woman’s consent and so they could not refer the matter to the Crown Prosecution Service. This is allegedly because she consented to some sexual activity both before and after the alleged rape. The decision was reviewed by a detective chief inspector who concluded that there was no reasonable prospect of conviction.

This led to the student attempting to kill herself, by overdose.

After the police concluded their investigation, Oxford Brookes University initiated a misconduct investigation. It was held that the woman was subject to “sexual harassment, violence or abuse” and three of the four men were found to “had not taken appropriate care to establish that consent was present throughout the entire evening, and this constitutes abuse”. It was found that apparently the fourth individual did not participate in the rape. The three individuals were expelled from university. The fourth had a term’s suspension and was ordered to write a letter of apology to the alleged victim.

This case highlights concerns that have been growing around rape culture on campuses, and in relation to men with power or social status, as athletes, as these men were. This case also addresses the difficulties with consent in a criminal context.

The different outcomes to the criminal investigation and the university investigation are because of the different “burden of proof” that applies.

In a criminal context, the lack of consent has to be proved beyond reasonable doubt, meaning you are sure, in order for someone to be guilty of rape, assault by penetration, sexual assault or causing a person to engage in sexual activity. The university needed only to look at a “balance of probabilities”, meaning more likely than not.

Section 74 of the Sexual Offences Act 2003 defines consent as “if [s]he agrees by choice, and has the freedom and capacity to make that choice”. Prosecutors should consider this in two stages. They are:

• Whether a complainant had the capacity (i.e. the age and understanding) to make a choice about whether or not to take part in the sexual activity at the time in question.
• Whether he or she was in a position to make that choice freely, and was not constrained in any way.

Assuming that the complainant had both the freedom and capacity to consent, the crucial question is whether the complainant agrees to the activity by choice.

Determining if the four men had “reasonable belief” that the woman consented can be a difficult one.

The best way of dealing with this issue is to ask two questions.

• Did the suspect genuinely believe the complainant consented? This relates to his or her personal capacity to evaluate consent (the subjective element of the test).
• If so, did the suspect reasonably believe it? It will be for the jury to decide if his or her belief was reasonable (the objective element).

It is, of course, difficult when the alleged perpetrator alleges that they reasonably believed there was consent, when in fact they do not believe the same.

We encourage anyone who has comments or concerns relating to this subject, or about abuse in general, to get in touch with Alan Collins at Alan.collins@hughjames.com or Feleena Grosvenor at Feleena.grosvenor@hughjames.com.

 

Sources:

• Oxford Brookes University expels athletes after ‘gang rape’ claim | News | The Times
• Four students are alleged to have gang-raped 19-year-old fellow undergraduate  | Daily Mail Online

Rape and Sexual Offences - Chapter 6: Consent | The Crown Prosecution Service (cps.gov.uk)

Uber And Vicarious Liability In Sexual Abuse

Uber Technologies Inc is a technology company that offers ride-hailing services to its platform users. The company uses its algorithms to connect passengers to their pool of registered Uber drivers to use their transportation services in exchange for payment. Today, Uber counts over 14 million trips each day in more than 60 countries.

Uber have now also expanded to boat travel and Uber Eats food delivery services.

One of the questions which has been posed over the years is whether drivers are self-employed or employees. The Supreme Court held that drivers must be treated as employees with holiday pay and minimum wage. This is important for anyone bringing a claim against Uber drivers, who would look to a claim against Uber as being vicariously liable for the actions of their drivers rather that pursuing claims against drivers directly.

In London, Uber secured its right to continue operating after a Judge upheld its appeal against TfL. TfL had rejected Uber’s application to be granted a new licence over safety concerns in 2017. One of the main concerns raised by TfL was a flaw in Uber's system that allowed unauthorised people to upload their photographs to legitimate drivers' accounts, which then allowed them to pick up passengers.

This ‘flaw in the system’ allowed Naveed Iqbal to use his brother’s Uber login details to use the app as a driver. He was alleged to have sexually assaulted two women in Leeds in 2015. Both women have recently reached a five figure settlements with Uber, after Uber were found liable for the incidents as it had a duty of care to protect passengers.

Iqbal lost an appeal in 2017 to keep his own private-hire licence when a crown court heard no charges had been brought, but a judge said he had carried out the attacks “on the balance of probabilities”.

In 2018, Mayor of London Sadiq Khan said TfL was "absolutely right" not to renew Uber licence but acknowledged the company had "made improvements". Alarmingly, that same year, more than 3,000 Uber passengers and drivers reported sexual assaults.

The ‘improvements’ in Uber’s way of handling the widespread problem may have been triggered by the accusation Uber faced in the US, trying to force women who say they were sexually assaulted by drivers to resolve their claims behind closed doors through arbitration rather than in courts. Similarly, Uber was fined $59m (£43m) for refusing to disclose details of more than 1,200 alleged victims of sexual assault involving its drivers in California between 2017 and 2019, justifying it would be a ‘shocking violation of privacy’ for victims. The California Public Utility Commission (CPUC), which imposed the fine, said it did not require a public disclosure of the information, and the details of individual cases would have been kept private.

In July 2021, Uber has agreed to pay a reduced fine of $9 million to the California Public Utilities Commission. Uber will now provide anonymised data about the assaults to the Commission.

With the aim of ‘standing with survivors’, Uber voluntarily published the US Safety report that discusses safety issues. They claim they understand that business leaders such as Uber have a unique opportunity to address the widespread problem of sexual assault and harassment, not only by acknowledging and assessing the issue but also by responding appropriately when incidents occur.

“Uber has emerged as a leading partner in standing against sexual assault – not just through accountability and transparency, but also by supporting survivors, eliminating barriers to reporting, and taking steps to prevent violence and harassment. We call on other companies to follow Uber’s lead by partnering with anti-violence organizations and releasing their own reports.” - Cindy Southworth, Executive Director, National Network to End Domestic Violence

The safety team at Uber has tripled since 2017 and there are more than 300 professionals now dedicated to safety. Uber has been testing different features and reports various improvements:

• Allowing riders to verify their driver with secure PIN code
• Enabling for a text message to directly be sent to 911 operators (in the US) and report safety incidents to Uber before the trip is even over.
• Improvement of drivers’ background checks and screenings
• Feature ‘share my trip’/ ‘follow my ride

Sexual assault claims have not just been limited to Uber. Lyft was also sued by 19 women in December 2019. The platform has been accused as not doing enough to prevent sexual assaults by drivers on the platform, and not investigating complaints properly.

Since March, the two ride-hailing firms agreed they will put aside competition and partner to share data on drivers who have been banned from their platforms in the US for serious safety incidents, including sexual assault and physical assaults resulting in a fatality.

However, the lack of comprehensive background checks coupled with inadequate investigation of customer complaints involving sexually inappropriate behaviour by drivers still puts thousands of men and women at risk. Only in June 2021, did a video surfaced of a woman in Australia who filmed her uber driver relentlessly pestering her for sex.

Statistics obtained by The Sun revealed Uber drivers were accused of 32 rapes and sex attacks on London passengers over the past year, this is equal to one every 11 days.

The figures represent more than a fifth of all claims against taxi and car-hire drivers filed to 14 UK police forces last year, which totalled at 154 allegations including attacks in minicabs and chauffeur vehicles

As many of the cases brought forward have been settled behind closed doors, many consumers continue to use such services with no knowledge of the potential dangers. We would expect as the consumer that these individuals have been through an extensive vetting process.

We encourage anyone who has concerns about sexual abuse to get in touch. You can contact Alan Collins at Alan.collins@hughjames.com or Danielle Vincent at Danielle.vincent@hughjames.com.

Sex Dolls: Misappropriation Of Child Likenesses

This week we discuss the topic of sex dolls following the American headline “Mom Fights to Ban Child Sex Dolls After Daughter's Likeness Was Used for One”

A mother reached out to news producers in America after she discovered her 8-year-old daughter's likeness was used for a sex doll face that went up for sale on internet sites  including popular site Amazon.

In a statement, an Amazon spokesperson said, “All sellers must follow our selling guidelines and those who do not will be subject to action including potential removal of their account. This product has been removed.”

The sex doll which very closely resembled her child was being sold as a high-quality sex doll.  Despite Amazon removing the advert, this doll remained on a number of other sites. The same doll appears naked on another website, which NBC 6 verified.

The mother is now campaigning for a ban on child sex dolls. Currently in America, child sex dolls are only banned in Florida and two other states but advocates and victims say much more needs to be done to expose this secret.

Research by NBC 6 showed similar child sex dolls on other popular sites

Carly Yoost, the CEO of Child Rescue Coalition said “This is a real child who's been affected, this isn't a hypothetical doll that was created. This is something made out of someone’s own likeness and took images from this mother."

Yoost said “The more a predator consumes online images and video of children being abused and purchasing of dolls that act out their sexual fantasies, the more likely they're going be a hands-on abuser of a real kid,"

The Child Rescue Coalition has started an online petition to make them illegal in the United States. 

With the ease of imports now, it is likely that the same type of dolls are being imported into the UK. This raises important concerns as Yoost voiced whether this is not only increasing child pornography but also sexual assaults on minors.

In the United Kingdom, former solider Richard Turner was found with a ‘child-like’ prosthetic sex doll when his house was raided before being jailed for almost ten years for a string of sex offences against children. Teesside Crown Court heard how Turner had a vast collections of child abuse images stored on a number of computers and digital devices, as well as carrying out sexual assaults on three young girls while taking indecent photographs of them.

We encourage anyone who has concerns about sexual abuse to get in touch. You can contact Alan Collins at Alan.collins@hughjames.com or Danielle Vincent at  Danielle.vincent@hughjames.com

Interview with author John Skull

*Trigger Warning - Podcast contains discussions about abuse and violence*

In this week's episode of the HJ Talks About Abuse podcast, Alan interviews John Skull, the author of "If You Can't Take a Joke..." his memoir of growing-up in the slums of Belfast during the "Troubles" and his progression from Rathgael Training School to a successful career in the Royal Navy.

In spite of being subjected to abuse, violence and having to survive on the streets controlled by soldiers and para-militaries, he adapted and managed to retain a positive outlook on life which served him well.

Alan and John discuss the Northern Ireland redress scheme and John explains how he applied for redress under the scheme, how he has helped survivors apply and why those who have not yet done so, should apply.

The redress scheme is there to compensate those who experienced abuse in residential institutions in Northern Ireland between 1922 and 1995. Those who qualify receive a compensation award. The process is a simple one, so please contact us for further information.

If you would like to communicate with John about the scheme he would be pleased to be contacted by email: johnskull@hotmail.com.